Arthrosis of the knee joint-This is a degenerative dyenerative disease of the cartilage, which leads to the exposure of bone heads and to the mobility compromised in the joint.The disease has a non -inflammatory nature and progresses slowly: the transition from the initial phase to disability has been using for several years at several decades.The osteoarthritis of the knee joint is included in the 5 most common causes of disabilities and disabilities all over the world.
Over 20% of people over the age of 55 are subject to illegal knee (gonartrosis), but the disease is quickly young - more and more its symptoms occur at the age of 25.
Over time, the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint will help to avoid complications and destruction of cartilage.
Signs of arthrosis of the knee joint
The wear of the joint cartilage is accompanied by characteristics characteristics, the intensity of which depends on the stage of the disease.Very often patients complain of:
- morning rigidity and reduction of mobility in the joint (the SCIA is required);
- Pain and discomfort in the knees, which have improved after physical effort (long walks, run or standing) and are in decline when they rest;
- In the second phase - the starting pains so called that they occur after a long stay in one position;
- increase in fatigue, which is often written to age -related changes;
- Dried coarse writing, which repeats itself regularly when kneeling and bends;
- Edema and other symptoms of inflammation that appear in the second phase of the disease due to the trauma of periosteric tissues;
- Destinations -sensitivity, increased symptoms in the cold season.
When trying to bend the knee affected by Gonartrosis, sharp pain and a sense of physical obstacle occur.In the subsequent stages, even in the presence of the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint, patients are disturbed in patients (they become enjoyed, patients walk on rigid legs), the deformation of the lower ends in the form of the letters "or" or "x" appears.
The insidency of the disease lies in the fact that it can occur in a hidden form for years and the first significant symptoms often appear only to the second stage - when the complete restoration of the synovial cartilage is already impossible.
Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor at the first signs of discomfort in the knees, for example weak, as if they pull pains that occur with insufficient production of synovial liquid.Remember: knee pain is not the norm regardless of age.The timely examination and the treatment of illegal knee of the 1st degree can completely protect you from painful pain in the joints of old age.
What will happen if the arthrosis of the knee does not treat?
In case of self-mediation, non-compliance with the doctor's recommendations or the absence of treatment, the osteoarthritis of the knee joint progresses on average 3-8 times faster than complex therapy.If gonartrosis occurs aggressively, the patient can lose the ability to move normally before retirement age.
Particularly important is the effective treatment of illegal knee in a phase of exacerbation.Raw weather, physical or emotional stress, allergies, poisoning, shift in the region with another climate - in a word, any body smoothie can cause it.The exacerbation of arthrosis proceeds with the destruction of a large amount of chondrocytes.In response to this, the body produces enzymes designed to process and remove dead cells.However, if their concentration is too high, the healthy areas of the cartilage suffer: cell membranes become thinner, the outbreaks of erosion appear on the synovial crisis of the joint.This process, if it is not stopped by treating the arthrosis of the knee with drugs, can flow in a few weeks and with chronic stress, lack of sleep or insufficient diet, constantly.
In the end, without treatment, the knee osteoarthritis leads to a complete reduction in the lumen of the joint gap due to the growth of osteophytes.The necessary gap to the normal movement is closed and the patient cannot bend the leg even at 30-45 °.The difficulty represents not only to climb the stairs, but also an attempt to get up from the sofa or ordinary movement.This condition is accompanied by pain from which ordinary analgesics do not help.In such cases, an option for the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint remains: surgical, with a complete replacement of joint architecture with prostheses and subsequent long -term rehabilitation.But in this case, most patients cannot return to a completely normal life.
Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint
Depending on the stage of the disease and the conditions of articular, conservative or surgical arthrosis of the knee joint.
The treatment of arthrosis of the 1st degree knee joint is always carried out with conservative methods - in case of success of a combination of circumstances and good cars - discipline, the patient can be obtained or persistent remission.
The treatment of arthrosis of the 2nd degree knee joint, as a rule, is based on the use of all conservative effects methods, but the doctor can decide on minor surgical interventions in the joint if the disease develops aggressively or with complications.
The treatment of the 3 -degree knee joint arthrosis almost always implies surgery.
The complex conservative treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint involves the removal of pain and inflammation, the restoration of the cartilage and an increase in the volume of movements in the joint.For this reason, the patient is prescribed a orthopedic regime of loads and rest, local system and drugs (antiomonal and non -hormonal anti -inflammatory, analgesics, chondroprotectors and others).Innovative biological methods are also widespread: injections of drugs for the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint directly in the joint bag.At the same time, PRP (blood plasma, enriched with platelets) are used, as well as injections of stem cells obtained from the patient's fat tissue.In parallel, the auxiliary and rehabilitation methods are connected: physiotherapy, massage, manual therapy, therapeutic gymnastics.
The surgical treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint is carried out in cases where medicines are powerless.With this pathology, the doctor may prescribe the following interventions:
- Arthroscopy of the knee joint.The collective name for a group of minimally invasive operations aimed at removing the broken area of the tissue or joint osteophy or partial excision of the joint shell.It allows you to delay or exclude the prostheses, as well as eliminate the discomfort in the early stages of the disease.It is mainly used for the treatment of knee arthrosis in patients under the age of 60.
- Osteotomy.The operation to cut part of the bone and the correction of the loading axis on the sore knee, which allows you to slow down the degenerative changes.It is usually carried out in the treatment of arthrosis of the 2nd degree knee joint.
- Endopropostetic.Partial or complete replacement of the knee joint with a titanium system, which serves 15-20 years.This technique is an extreme measure, since it involves some risks.Recommended for patients over the age of 55.
All these operations require the recovery period and have a series of contraindications, therefore the best option remains prevention (operating therapy, chondroprotectors) and the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint in the early stages.
In addition to the main therapeutic techniques, diet therapy and other methods are used to lower body weight.To download the painful articulation, bandages and other orthoses are used (sticks, orthopedic sunny sun, etc.).
The treatment of illegal knee is prescribed by a-Romaglologist or orthopedist.At the first reception, Palpa the joint, performs motor tests and then directs the patient to tomography or radiography.
Therapeutic gymnastics for knee arthrosis
Medical physical education for the limbs of the lower belt is considered the most effective method to reduce the pain and treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint of the 1st degree.The first results of therapeutic gymnastics occur after 2-4 weeks of continuous classes.Continuity in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint is one of the main factors that influence the effectiveness of exercise therapy.A complete lesson is performed once a day a day, it is also recommended to perform at least 3-4 Warm-ups during the day.
Therapeutic gymnastics for knee arthrosis during periods of remissions will help relieve pain syndrome.
The main task of physical exercises in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint is to strengthen the muscles of the thigh and the lower part of the leg, maintaining the elasticity of ligaments and tendons, as well as the fight against muscle atrophy, which is characteristic of arthrosis.This allows you to transfer the load from the joint to the periarticular structures and, therefore, slow down the mechanical abrasion of the cartilage, reduce inflammation.
The exercises for the treatment of the knee of the arthrosis are performed for both legs!When strong pain appears, the lesson should be stopped or continued at a more delicate rhythm.
- Starting position - lying on the back.One leg is extended on the floor, the other is raised 90 ° (the lower part of the leg is parallel to the floor).We perform movements with the lower part of the leg up and down, as regards the amplitude of the movements in the articulation.
- Starting position - lying on the back.We perform the "bicycle" exercise.
- Starting position - lying on the stomach.In turn, the feet penalizes us, trying to bring the heels closer as much as possible to the buttocks.
- The starting position is lying on the side, the hand is bent under the head or stretched over the head along a line with the body.The other hand rests on the side.Let's change.Let's change the side.
- Starting position - lying on the back.We pull our legs forward on the floor in front of the heel (by ourselves), the socks look "ourselves".
- Starting position - lying on the stomach.We do the "boat" exercise.If physical preparation does not allow it, we put the palms on both sides of the chest and resume taking our legs, experimenting with stress in the rear surface of the thigh and the lower part of the leg.
- Starting position - lying on the back.We turn around to the feet in turn, trying to describe the most complete circle with socks.
- Starting position - standing against the wall.Slowly and smooth crouched, without looking up with the back from the wall to distribute the load.When the legs are folded to the knees of 90 °, we start the regular movement.
- The starting position is standing.Alternatively, we are oscillating our feet forward, behind and sideways.
Note: Therapeutic gymnastics after the operations on the joint have its details and changes depending on the number of days from the moment of the intervention.It is prescribed by a surgeon or rehabilitation.
Massage with knee arthrosis
The therapeutic massage for knee arthrosis is performed on both legs.Initially, at least 10-12 sessions are needed for a reabbitologist or equipment for hydromass equipment, but it is possible to perform a simple general strengthening massage at home.Includes the following types of movements:
- caressing and superficial rubbing (up and down, software and counterclockwise);
- survey and lengthening with the tip of the fingers of deeper fabrics;
- Tighten and touch the skin.
The knee arthrosis massage should be done by a specialist who will not damage the sick articulation.
The car -massage can be combined with the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint with drugs: it will not be superfluous to apply a heating ointment or a conditioner before or during the session.You can also take a hot bath before the procedure.
IMPORTANT: the massage is contraindicated to patients with symptoms of inflammation (osteoarthritis or exacerbation of arthrosis).In this case, therapy for the acute phase is required.
Discotherapy for arthrosis
The standard power protocol in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint requires:
- Limit the products and dishes rich in simple carbohydrates (white bread, pastry, snacks, desserts, potatoes, sugar);
- To exclude transformed dishes (ready for use) and rich - fast food, semi -final products, sausages;
- Refuse alcohol, decoderized coffee and fatty meat.
Instead, you should include in the menu:
- Gloved and wholemeal cereals dishes;
- fatty fish of the northern seas and poultry dietary meat;
- cartilage (ears, nyushki, legs and other parts rich in collagen), cold men and jelly;
- Vegetables and fruit rich in vitamins and antioxidants (in particular, vitamins A, B12, C, E);
- Noci and other sources of Omega fatty acids and precious minerals.
The diet with arthrosis of the knee joint provides a balanced diet, which helps to restore the cartilage tissue.
The treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint with drugs - mineral complexes of vitamin (2 courses per year) is also recommended.
Physiotherapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee
The following physiotherapy procedures are used for the effective treatment of knee illegal and to improve the action of medicines:
- magnetotherapy;
- laser therapy;
- Uhf;
- ultrasound therapy;
- amplipulse;
- Electrophoresis (including medicines);
- Applications of ozorete and paraffin;
- thermotherapy (cryotherapy, inductothermia);
- sounds;
- Balneological therapy (sulfur, sulfur hydrogen baths).
The acupuncture in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint 2 degrees, as a rule, is not used.
Before visiting the procedures, it is necessary to consult a doctor: many types of physiotherapy are contraindicated in the exacerbation of the disease.
Medicines for the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint
The treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint with drugs is carried out symptoms and taking into account the patient's individual reaction to the selected drugs.Drug therapy - injections, ointments or tablets for the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint - are usually prescribed or, if necessary.
In order to choose the right medicine for the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint, consult a doctor who, after studying, will select the necessary medicines.
In the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint, there are several directions: alleviation of the patient's life, improvement of cartilage nutrition, cartilage regeneration and maintenance of the norm of the muscle system.
Non -pounding anti -inflammatory drugs
To relieve the exacerbations of fans in tablets or capsules, they follow courses (about 12 days) or if necessary, depending on the intensity of the pain syndrome.The uncontrolled welcome of fans with compromises or doctor's recommendations is full of stomach or intestine ulcer.They should be extremely careful to take them in combination with glucocorticosteroids and drugs that affect blood coagulation.Further risk factors - age over 65, smoke, alcohol intake in the course.In these cases, doctors usually recommend the administration of drug injection by circumventing the gastrointestinal tract.Together with fans, it is advisable to take gastroprotectors.
The maximum effect can be obtained with a combination of systemic (for internal administration) and external fans - in the form of ointments, creams or gel.The second option provides a point effect on the affected articulation and at the same time affects the digestion in the least.
Corticosteroids (steroid drugs for the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint)
Hormonal drugs (civil code) are generally used for the steroid block of the knee in which the fan is not sufficient to calm pain and inflammation.
Glucocorticoid injections are considered an extreme measure in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint with drugs.They provide relief 20 minutes after the administration, but can lead to violation of hormonal disorders and damage to the cartilage tissue in violation of the administrative rules.Due to the side effects, many orthopedists prefer an operation on the knee of prolonged CC therapy.
Chondroprotectors in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint
The chondroprotective agents based on extracts of nuclei and cartilage of cattle, sea fish and molluscs contribute to the restoration of the synovial cartilage and therefore are irreplaceable for the effective treatment of knee illegal.Condroprotectors contain a large number of glycosaminoglycans - natural polymers, from which cartilage is built.Therefore, they make the condrocites (cartilaginous cells) more stable, contribute to their growth, enrich the synovial fluid.
Unlike anti -inflammatory drugs, chondroprotectors have practically no contraindications.They provide a cumulative and prolonged effect: the first improvements occur after 1-3 months of admission and the duration of the course is 3-6 months.
Agents who challenge the skin
External preparations for the treatment of knee arthrosis with a growing effect locally improve the blood circulation and the nutrition of the joint and also distract the patient from pain.To this end, ointments, gels, creams and balms based on natural ingredients are used: bees or snake poison, burning pepper extract.
In the presence of an allergic reaction (persistent redness and soreness of the skin, rash), during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as in the presence of other contraindications, it is better to avoid heating ointments for the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint and limiting you to hot baths, applications and anti -external inflammatory.
Synovial fluid prosthesis
If the synovial fluid in the joint is too small, the scrolling of the joint surfaces is disturbed.And above all, the hunger of the cartilage begins, because the joint fluid, which drinks it only as a sponge, normally provides nutrients for growth and maintaining the cartilage tissue.To prevent cell destruction and mechanical abrasion of the knee cartilage, the doctor may prescribe injections of high -molecular weight derivatives of Yaluron.The injections of the drug in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint (viscisor) are made directly in the joint bag, which leads to rapid relief, which lasts from 3 to 12 months to the end of the route.However, with the introduction of prostheses, there is the risk of necrotic changes or infections in the articulation.
Antispasmodic, analgesics, relaxants muscle
In cases where spasms and muscle tension prevent the patient from falling asleep, creating pain during movement, the doctor prescribes antispasmodic and muscle relaxants.
Simple analgesics in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint are not used, since they mask pain, but do not relieve inflammation.You can use them or fans at affordable prices without a prescription for a maximum of 10 days, after which an exam is required.
The form of the release of drugs for the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint
For the convenience of patients, drugs for the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint are released in various forms.Is there a difference between them and which one to choose?
The preparations for the treatment of knee illegal illegal have different forms of release: Sasha, injections, ointments, tablets.Choose what is most suitable for you.
Capsules, Sashas and tablets for the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint
Non -steroid, corticosteroids, chondroprotectors and muscle relaxants and muscle relaxants are produced in forms for oral administration.In this case, they are easy to dose, the reception is possible without the participation of a medical worker, it is easy to check which part of the course has already been approved.When taking chondroprotectors and fans inside, they have a fairly high bioavailability (especially in the form of Sasha).When taking a chondroprotector in the periarticular region, more than 95% of the beneficial substances from the drug is obtained.
Injection solutions
In the form of injections, it is possible to take the fans already mentioned, the civil code, the chondroprotectors and the muscle relaxants, as well as synovial fluid prostheses.This method of treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint demonstrates the maximum bioavailability.
This method of treatment of knee arthrosis is safe for digestion, but it is desirable that the injections (intravenously, intramuscularly in the joint or intra -articles) put a qualified medical staff.Intamuscular injections in the buttock or thigh can be performed independently.
External use
Local, anti -inflammatory and chondproductive ointments are used externally to treat the arthrosis of the knee joint.The advantage of this drug is to direct the effects on the fabric concerned.But on the path of active substances, a skin barrier increases - unfortunately, often only 5% of the active ingredients reaches the desired layers of the fabrics.
We hope to have managed to help.Gritti on the on you!